Texting While Driving Essays

Messaging While Driving Essays Messaging While Driving Essay Messaging While Driving Essay Envision you are driving down the roadway and out of nowhere a vehicle hits the vehicle before you. In that vehicle there was one grown-up, one young person, and little child, and an infant. The vehicle that was hit got flipped over different occasions. Nobody in the vehicle figured out how to endure that mishap. This all happened in light of the fact that the driver chose to pull out their telephone and content a straightforward mies. Messaging and driving is an enormous issue in the United States. Numerous laws have been passed to forestall messaging and driving. It likewise causes numerous passings and wounds. Numerous laws have been passed to forestall the peril of messaging and driving. As said by Robert A Heinlein, l am free, regardless of what rules encompass me. On the off chance that I discover them passable, I endure them; on the off chance that I discover them excessively unpleasant, I break them. I am free since I realize that only i am ethically liable for all that I do. am a piece of the age that had a phone well before having a vehicle. As a general public, we have become increasingly more needy upon the utilization of phones. They have empowered us to remain associated with the world. With advanced mobile phones, we would now be able to check the climate, email, and that eBay thing we truly need to win in an offering war. At the point when we talk or screwball at a PDA, our capacity to focus turns out to be extremely restricted. The passionate pressure while chatting on a phone can prompt diminished mindfulness on what's going on around an individual. Actually, I see no contrast between chatting on a mobile phone and viewing a network show. Consistently, I see numerous individuals on phones while driving. I see drivers in vehicles, Subs, and semi trucks all holding a telephone up to their ear while making one-gave turns. I recall when I got my drivers permit and that it was so imperative to have my hands on the wheel at ten and two-o-clock. I was advised by my driving educator to consistently know about what's going on twelve seconds in front of me. Taking a gander at all of these PDA clients out and about, I cannot envision they even comprehend what is happening five seconds in front of them. I have heard that a people ability to focus is diminished multiple times while chatting on a mobile phone. A diminished capacity to focus of multiple times is likewise equivalent to an individual with a blood liquor level of . 08. Studies have demonstrated that testing and driving is twice as unsafe as chatting on a mobile phone. With an ever increasing number of young people securing cell sharpens, up to 50% of youngsters confess to testing while at the same time driving. As I would like to think, we, as a general public, should make wireless utilize unlawful while driving out and about. I have found out about the entirety of the mishaps related with wireless use and I am baffled that we havent made any activity to address this issue. I love the way that sans hands gadgets are an alternative with new innovation coming out; starting at as of late, we have created voice initiated calling that is currently remembered for more up to date models of vehicles. Of course, Michigan has made it unlawful to content while driving, yet shouldn't something be said about chatting on a bile gadget? I cannot help yet consider the entirety of the occasions I have been on the roadway and have seen drivers making path changes without looking since they had a telephone up to their ear. Drivers on mobile phones additionally have an eighteen percent more slow response time to slow down lights. A few states have just restricted the utilization of phones while driving. The lack of regard needs to stop! We have to reprove the individuals who are putting others lives in danger out and about. On the off chance that we cannot stand up to and uphold this issue, the passings will Just continue coming. Testing while at the same time driving By inadequacy

The Blood Disorder Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

You need glucose for breath. For delineation when you practice your musculuss need a cluster of glucose. Glucose is a signifier of sugar and a head start of vitality henceforth the ground you need it to get your musculuss and so on. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Blood Disorder Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Glucose is made out of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon. Subsequently it very well may be called natural since it contains C. Glucose is shipped by the cells in the natural structure ; each cell in the natural structure contains it. Ways you can take it in can change yet generally and obviously you can take it in through the supplement you eat. Nourishments which contain saccharides will fuse high degrees of glucose. After the natural structure has the saccharides, it separates the supplement into vitality. Vitality as referenced before is expected to make ordinary things, for example, raising weaponries, legs, pess and so forth Low totals of glucose in the circulation system is called hyperglycemia. This can take to Diabetes. In the event that you have a high degrees of glucose in your blood by the by, this may make to efforts. To hinder these, your weight ought to be kept a nearby oculus on each piece great as what you eat. Glucose is handled, as referenced underneath, in the liver. Hormones advise the liver to treat glucose, ( put away glucagon is transformed into glucose to be discharged into the circulatory system ) the glucose is so appropriated to the natural structure contingent upon where you need it most.http:/www.geneticsrus.org/DNA/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif Presentation The natural structure controls glucose degrees by let go ofing insulin to express the liver to change over glucagon into glucose which so is in this way discharged into the blood. On the off chance that the glucose degrees are too much low so the pancreas discharge the endocrine creature starch which so advises the liver to change over overflow glucagon which is non required go into glucagon for capacity. Diabetess is the disturbed in which numerous individuals experience the ill effects of. There are two sorts of diabetes type cubic decimeter and type ll. Type cubic decimeter diabetes is the point at which your natural structure is n’t doing sufficient insulin. Type ll diabetes is the point at which your natural structure is n’t using the insulin adequately in your natural structure. hypertext move convention:/www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http:/static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif A ; imgrefurl=http:/health.howstuffworks.com/maladies conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm A ; usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= A ; h=457 A ; w=359 A ; sz=29 A ; hl=en A ; start=0 A ; zoom=1 A ; tbnid=Yq3fJyAYITe9pM: A ; tbnh=151 A ; tbnw=119 A ; ei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ A ; prev=/pictures % 3Fq % 3Dglucose % 2Bdiabetes % 26um % 3D1 % 26hl % 3Den % 26biw % 3D1259 % 26bih % 3D599 % 26tbs % 3Disch:1 A ; um=1 A ; itbs=1 A ; iact=rc A ; dur=281 A ; oei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ A ; esq=1 A ; page=1 A ; ndsp=18 A ; ved=1t:429, r:3, s:0 A ; tx=38 A ; ty=56Normally diabetes type cubic decimeter is a familial ailment, however you can other than gain it due to employments in your invulnerable framework ( the capacity of your natural structure to turn up, invasion, and destruct sources ) , and ecological elements. hypertext move convention:/diabeticremediesguide.com/wp-content/transfers/2009/10/Type_1.jpg For type 1 diabetes the danger factors are ; get down sick in early infancy ( during childbirth, at yearling age. And so forth ) , early introduction to overawe ‘s milk in infancy and non being bosom Federal each piece great as a more established female parent will give individual a high chance of type 1 diabetes. Other peril factors for type 1 diabetes are as per the following ; beefiness, stationary way of life ( non making sufficient practicing will expand the dangers of meatiness which so will take onto diabetes. ) Unhealthy eating wonts, family unit history and hereditary sciences, expanded age. In the event that you are presented to these risk factors so you have to see your GP for a general diagnosings. hypertext move convention:/www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/designs/pictures/en/9273.jpg Diabetes has side effects yet these side effects are at that place if diabetes is n’t treated for a long clasp. The side effects of type 1 diabetes are ; Extreme thirst †Because your kidneys are a channel, they take out the glucose in your blood conduit and reuse it for your natural structure to use, yet in the event that there is unnecessarily much glucose in your blood so your kidneys can non take out all the glucose in your blood so the glucose that is forgotten about over it in to your pee by your kidneys. For glucose to be â€Å" dumped † into your piss, more H2O requests to be removed from your kidneys so as to deliver piss, which results in parching. ( http:/www.ehow.com/about_5340904_diabetes-make-thirsty.html # ixzz15chIQ5Wn ) Obscured vision †Some individuals have glucose building up in the focal points of their eyes, this can result in dim vision if the individual is undiscovered. Tiredness †If glucose is n’t balancing around your natural structure so you may encounter tired in light of the fact that you need glucose to deliver straightforward endeavors, for example, raising up your arm or talking. Whenever left for too much long so even breath would be needed to treat, this will result in expire. Diseases, for example, thrush and irritation of the venereal nations, and skin inconveniences brought about by over developing of barm on the covering. Expanded craving †If glucose is low in the natural structure so the natural structure feels an interest to eat more for more vitality, this outcomes in expanded appetency over a significant stretch of clasp. Expanded creation of piss during the twenty-four hours and dim †Besides clarified over, the additional glucose requests to be removed from your natural structure and this is done through your piss, in light of the fact that your natural structure needs to keep up procuring free or glucose, pee requests to be delivered in this manner the ground why your peeing so every now and again. Loss of gauge if glucose is n’t utilized tolerably so the natural structure is n’t hive awaying any glucose either ; this will result in the loss of weight as glucagon is other than known as fat. Another ground will be on the grounds that insulin is n’t working acceptably so that ‘s why creature starch is utilized to express the liver to change over glucagon which is put away glucose back t glucose with the goal that the natural structure can work nicely. Different contaminations of the covering ( yeast diseases and furuncles and so forth ) Diagnosiss of Type 1 diabetes. There are numerous sorts of ways that diabetes type 1 can be analyzed. The ideal preliminary is the Fasting plasma glucose preliminary. The fasting plasma glucose preliminary is a preliminary which estimates blood glucose degrees after a quick. Fasting animated the arrival of the endocrine glucagon. Glucagon advises the liver to change over creature starch once more into glucose to relinquish it once again into the blood. At the point when individual does n’t eat anything for a long clasp so the natural structure needs something to do certain it has vitality to go about so the occupation is finished by glucose. In individuals who do n’t hold diabetes, the pancreas will watch the additional glucose in the blood and will relinquish the endocrine insulin. Insulin does the antonym to glucagon, it advise the liver to change over the additional glucose once more into creature starch for capacity. In person that holds diabetes type 1 ; the pancreas will non let go of insulin s o as to express the liver to change over glucose once more into creature starch for capacity and as an outcome, the blood will even now hold additional aggregates of glucose.http:/www.handsonhealth-sc.org/pictures/A/fasting_diabetes.gif Bring arounding and Treating Diabetes Diabetess can non be restored. It can only be controlled to a degree which permits your natural structure to delineate in the event that you did n’t hold diabetes. Clearly there are a few restrictions that a diabetic ought to follow, however in the normal clasp there are potential mediations, for example, insulin shootings. Most importantly the motivation behind doctors ought to be to have the option to keep up the blood glucose degree close to typical. This is finished by insulin shootings which for the most part after a bit of cognizing that you have diabetes ought to be done at place. The patient infuses it self with insulin as a tablet can non be taken on the grounds that the natural structure does n’t assimilate insulin by means of the spines. The vast majority have 2-4 infusions of insulin a day.http:/www.mediject.com/pictures/photo_how_products.jpg What is Insulin? hypertext move convention:/www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Insulin.jpg Insulin is an endocrine which is discharged by the pancreas for when the blood glucose degrees are recognized to be unreasonably high. Insulin is sent to the liver to express the liver to change over the additional aggregate of glucose in the blood once more into creature starch for capacity. On the top, insulin in the natural structure How is Human Insulin made? The utile cistron is cut from a human Deoxyribonucleic corrosive. ( In this occasion insulin. ) This is gone before using proteins. Specific proteins cut unconventional spots of DNA.http:/www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/training/bitesize/standard/img/science/hereditary eng.gif Proteins are so used to cut the Deoxyribonucleic corrosive or a microscopic organisms thus the human cistron is embedded The bacteri um is so grown-up and took care of until they are for the most part bring forthing human insulin. This is a quick way of bring forthing human insulin other than this sort of insulin can be delivered on a major scale.http:/www.littletree.com.au/pictures/dna19.jpg hypertext move convention:/www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http:/static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif A ; imgrefurl=http:/health.howstuffworks.com/maladies conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm A ; usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= A ; h=457 A ; w=359 A ; sz=29 A ; hl=en A

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 16th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for October 16th, 2019 Sponsored by Dark Pattern by Andrew Mayne. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals The Devil’s Star by  Jo Nesbø for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. The Four Agreements: A Practical Guide to Personal Freedom by Don Miguel Ruiz for $1.68. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. A Brief History of Seven Killings by Marlon James for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The Collector’s Apprentice by  B. A. Shapiro for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. The Friend by Sigrid Nunez for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): Dare to Love a Duke  by Eva Leigh for $1.99. 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Understanding Convenience Samples

The process of statistical sampling involves selecting a collection of individuals from a population. The way that we do this selection is very important. The manner in which we select our sample determines the type of sample that we have. Among the wide variety of  types of statistical samples, the easiest type of sample to form is called a convenience sample. Definition of Convenience Samples A convenience sample is formed when we select elements from a population on the basis of what elements are easy to obtain. Sometimes a convenience sample is called a grab sample as we essentially grab members from the population for our sample. This is a type of sampling technique that does not rely upon a random process, such as we see in a simple random sample, to generate a sample. Examples of Convenience Samples To illustrate the idea of a convenience sample, we will think of several examples. It is really not very hard to do this. Just think of the easiest way to find representatives for a particular population. There is a high likelihood that we have formed a convenience sample. To determine the proportion of green MMs produced by a factory, we count the number of green MMs in our hands that we took out of the package.To find the mean height of all third-grade students in a school district, we measure the first five students who are dropped off in the morning by their parents.In order to know the mean value of homes in our town, we average the value of our home with our neighbors homes.Someone wants to determine which candidate is likely to win an upcoming election, and so she asks everyone in her circle of friends who they intend to vote for.  A student is working on a survey of students attitudes toward college administrators, and so he talks to his roommate and other people on the floor of his residence hall. Problems with Convenience Samples As indicated by their name, convenience samples are definitely easy to obtain. There is virtually no difficulty in selecting members of the population for a convenience sample. However, there is a price to pay for this lack of effort: convenience samples are virtually worthless in statistics. The reason that a convenience sample cannot be used for applications in statistics is that we are not assured that it is representative of the population that it was selected from. If all of our friends share the same political leanings, then asking them who they intend to vote for in an election tells us nothing about how people across the country would vote. Furthermore, if we think about the reason for random sampling, we should see another reason why convenience samples are not as good as other sampling designs. Since we do not have a random procedure to select the individuals in our sample, although our sample is likely to be biased. A randomly selected sample will do a better job of limiting bias.

Essay about Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin

A Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin Corporation Colby Scott LeTourneau University A Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin corporation The world of finance in today’s market is one of numerous ups and downs. With the global economy in constant flux, it is more important than every for companies to examine their financial status and compare their position to that of the relative market as well as their fellow competitors. In order to better understand the ways in which today’s managers examine their position on the market and evaluate their current value as a company we will examine the financial data of Lockheed Martin Corporation and perform a detailed financial analysis on the company. In this†¦show more content†¦Today, the Lockheed Martin Corporation is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland and employs 126,000 people worldwide. The company is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration, and sustainment of advanced technology systems. Lockheed also serves both domestic and international customers wi th products and services that have defense, civil, and commercial applications, with their principal customers being agencies of the U.S. Government. In 2011, 84% of their $45.8 billion in net sales were made to the U.S. Government, either as a prime contractor or as a subcontractor. Lockheed’s U.S. Government sales were made to both Department of Defense (DoD) and non-DoD agencies. Sales to foreign governments (including foreign military sales funded, in whole or in part, by the U.S. Government) amounted to 15% of net sales in 2011. The remainder of net sales was attributable to commercial and other customers. In 2011, net sales at Aeronautics of $13.2 billion represented 29% of their total net sales. Aeronautics has three principal lines of business and the percentage that each contributed to its 2011 net sales was 68 percent combat aircraft, 20 percent air mobility, and 12 percent in other aeronautics programs. At December 31, 2011, we operated in 545 locations (includin g offices, manufacturing plants, warehouses,Show MoreRelatedLockheed Martin SWOT Paper1438 Words   |  6 PagesCEO of Lockheed Martin how the company should prepare for the loss of its most important customer. The following is a summary of the challenges and issues facing Lockheed Martin Corporation as the company and Marillyn Hewson, the CEO, face cuts to their revenue by the United States Department of Defense, which accounts for 83% of their total revenue. Their challenge is to maintain the profitability and integrity of the company. This report will discuss the three key issues facing Lockheed MartinRead MoreEssay Boeing and Lockheed Martin Analysis of Operating Leases1699 Words   |  7 Pages| Boeing v. Lockheed Martin | Analysis of Operating Leases amp; Pension Plans | | | 10/6/2011 | Boeing Co amp; Lockheed Martin Corp Analysis Our financial reporting analysis consists of Lockheed, the largest defense company in the world and Boeing, the largest commercial aircraft producer.   Both companies rely heavily on government funding, contracts, and regulation.   Future growth for the two companies relies on sales of Lockheed and Boeing’s aircrafts such as the Fighter Jet F-35Read MoreEssay about Lockheed Martin Stakeholder Analysis1328 Words   |  6 Pagesbrockport | Stakeholder Analysis | Lockheed Martin | Matthew Vogt | | 4/27/2010 | The analysis of Lockheed Martin and it’s affect on stakeholders. Corporations have impacts on a variety of people ranging from shareholders, to governments, to ordinary citizens. 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The Boeing supply chain processes is demonstrated as shownRead MoreLockheed Martin A Global Security And Aerospace Company Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose: The purpose of this document is to provide you with information about Lockheed Martin and why we should consider working with them. This document will supply you with adequate information for your meeting with Lockheed Martin’s President and CEO, Marillyn Hewson. CEO Marillyn Hewson has been CEO of Lockheed Martin since January 2013. She has been on Lockheed’s Board of Directors since November 2012. In 2014, Forbes named her the 21st most powerful woman in the world. In 2015, she movedRead MoreSwot Analysis of Lockheed Martin1615 Words   |  7 PagesLockheed Martin Corp. Lockheed Martin Corporation is an advanced technology firm that is on the cutting edge of research in aeronautics, space, systems and IT technologies. The product of a 1995 merger between Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta Corporation, 80% of Lockheed Martin’s market is the U.S. Government through the Department of Defense and intelligence, civilian and Homeland Security organizations. With 2010 sales of $45.8 billion and a $78.2 billion backlog, Lockheed Martin rankedRead MoreLockheed Martin Case Study Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesLockheed Martin History Lockheed Martin Corporation was founded when in March of 1995 two of the world’s largest technology and defense contractors unite. This being called the â€Å"merger of equals†, become the largest aerospace, defense and technology companies. Lockheed Martin is responsible for many of today’s well-known accomplishments. This included the SR-71 Blackbird, the F-117 nighthawk and the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU). Today, Lockheed Martin continues to be one of the largest governmentRead MoreLmt Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesLockheed Martin A Financial Perspective Professor Edward Kaplan April 19, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS: Executive Summary: As the forefront of our national defense and aerospace industry, Lockheed Martin has provided complex yet highly efficient based technology driven products to their customers. With its business core highly concentrated in the aerospace industry, Lockheed Martin has branched off to include technology systems for global security, defense systems, and satellites primarily forRead MoreGeneral Dynamics and Lockheed Martin: Full Corporate Analysis6107 Words   |  25 Pagesmarine systems; and mission-critical information systems and technologies (Gendyn, 2008). Lockheed Martin (LMT) is a leading multinational aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology company formed in 1995 by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta (Lockheed, 2008). I have compared both companies under various criteria such as ratio analysis, stock price performance, common size financial statements and then have tried to comment on which is company is better. The current marketRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Boeing Company And Lockheed Martin Corporation Using The 2015 Balance Sheet And Income Statement From Each Company2299 Words   |  10 PagesExecutive Summary This study will present a comparative analysis of the financial information of both The Boeing Company and Lockheed Martin Corporation using the 2015 balance sheet and income statement from each company. This study will confirm each company’s current financial position in their industry. keywords: Boeing, Lockheed, financial statements, financial health, financial comparison. â€Æ' Boeing Background The Boeing Company is the world’s leading aerospace company and the largest manufacturer

Esterification Free Essays

To synthesis ecstatically acid by stratification. Introduction: A pleasant, often fruity, odor is characteristic of some of the simpler esters. Ethyl butyrate smells similar to pineapples, the odor of n-propel acetate is reminiscent of pears and isopleths acetate has a strong banana fragrance. We will write a custom essay sample on Esterification or any similar topic only for you Order Now Esters are derivatives of the carboxylic acids and contain the following functional group: The synthesis of an ester can be accomplished in one of several ways. An stratification occurs when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid are reacted in the reserve of a mineral acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid. Because these reactions result in an equilibrium mixture of both products and reactants, the reaction conditions must be manipulated in order to produce a reasonable yield. A large excess of one of the reactants can be used in the starting mixture or alternatively, one of the products can be removed as the reaction proceeds (as by a distillation), to shift the equilibrium to the right. Other synthetic pathways to esters also exist. Acid chlorides react with alcohols to yield an ester and hydrochloric acid. A small amount of pyridine is usually deed to the reaction mixture to neutralize the resulting acid. Acid anhydride can also react with alcohols to produce esters. Unlike the reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols, neither of these two methods for preparing esters results in an equilibrium mixture. Ecstatically acid, or aspirin, is one of the most widely used and versatile drugs known today. It was first synthesized by Charles von Gerhardt in 1 853 and was later patented by a German dye chemist named Frederica Brayer in 1893 who recognized its potential as an analgesic (pain reliever). Salicylic acid, a impotent of willow and poplar bark, had been used as a pain killer for centuries, but its highly acidic property caused irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat and also resulted in uncomfortable gastric pain. By transforming the acidic phenol functionality into an ester group, the compound retained its analgesic properties but lost some of its irritating side- effects. In addition to relieving pain, aspirin is also an antipathetic (fever reducer) and an anti-inflammatory agent (used for arthritis). Like all drugs, aspirin also has some undesirable side effects which should be tote. When taken in large quantities (several grams per day), gastric problems can result. Its use has been implicated in Rexes syndrome, a brain disorder that can affect people under the age of 18. Some people are highly allergic to aspirin. Finally, aspirin interferes with platelets and affects normal blood clotting which can lead to hemorrhaging in extreme cases. However, its anticoagulant properties can also be used to advantage in preventing blood clots from forming in the arteries. Recent studies have shown that the consumption of one half of an aspirin tablet per day can help to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Aspirin can be synthesized by the stratification of salicylic acid via reaction with acetic anhydride. A few drops of phosphoric acid are added to serve as a catalyst for the reaction. The use of acetic anhydride as a reactant, instead of acetic acid, results in a rapid and irreversible conversion of salicylic acid to ecstatically acid. Experimental Procedure: Synthesis of ecstatically acid 1 . A 400 ml beaker containing about 150 ml of water was heated to the boiling point on a hot plate. 2. 2 g of salicylic acid was weighed out and it was placed in a 100 ml conical flask. . 5 ml of acetic anhydride was added into the conical flask. . 5 drops of 85% phosphoric acid, HAPPY was added. The flask was swirled to mix the reactants and then it was clamped in the boiling water bath. It was heated for about 8 minutes. 5. The flask was removed carefully from the hot water bath and the hot plate was turned off. 2 ml of distilled water was added cautiously to the flask. The water will react wit h any unrelated acetic anhydride which remains. 6. Once the reaction between acetic anhydride and water had subsided, 40 ml Of water Was added to the flask. 7. The contents was allowed to cool at room temperature for minutes then the flask was placed in ice. . The contents was stirred with a glass rod periodically during this cooling period. The solid product was collected by vacuum filtration and it was washed with cooled water. 9. A small portion (spatula-tip full, 20-30 MGM) of this crude ecstatically acid was set aside. 10. To recitalist the ecstatically acid, it was transferred to a 100 ml conical flask and 10 ml of 95% ethanol was added. 1 1. The flask was heated slowly on a hot plate just until the aspirin completely dissolved. As soon as all of the solid has dissolved, the flask was removed from the hot plate. 12. Water was added to the solution in 5 ml portions, it was swirled after each addition, until a total of 40 ml of water has been added. 13. The flask was placed in an ice bath for 10 minutes to complete the crystallization. 14. The purified aspirin was collected by vacuum filtration. The crystals was washed in the funnel with ice-cold water. The vacuum was left on for a few minutes to air dry the purified aspirin, the crystals was then pressed between two pieces of filter paper to thoroughly dry them. 5. The mass, yield and melting point of dried aspirin were obtained. Results: Weight of salicylic acid used: 2. 0021 g Weight of watch glass: 20. 536 g Weight of watch glass t product: 21. 6651 g Weight of product: 1. 3115 g no. Of mole of salicylic acid: = 0. 01450 mol Volume Of acetic anhydride used 5 ml Density of acetic anhydride = 1. 082 g/ml Mass of acetic anhydride used = 1. 082 g/ml x 5 ml = 5. 41 g no. Of mole of acetic anhydride: – 0. 0530 mol = 3. 661 Since the mol of sa licylic acid is smaller than the mol of acetic anhydride, salicylic acid is a limiting agent. Mol of salicylic acid produced 1 mol of ecstatically acid. 0. 01450 mol of salicylic acid produced 0. 01450 mol of ecstatically acid. Theoretical weight of ecstatically acid: 0. 1450 mol x 180. 16 gnu-mol = 2. 6123 g Percentage yield: x 100% = 50. 20 % 50 % Melting point of aspirin: 138 – 140 co Discussion: Aspirin is an effective analgesic (pain reliever), antipathetic (fever reducer) and anti-inflammatory’ agent and is one of the most widely used non-prescription drugs. The active ingredient in aspirin was found to be salicylic acid. The structure of salicylic acid is shown below. In this experiment, aspirin is formed from the reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride through stratification. Aspirin can be made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst. The phenol group on the salicylic acid forms an ester with the carboxylic group on the acetic acid. However, this reaction is slow and has a relatively low yield. If acetic anhydride was used instead of acetic acid, the reaction will be much faster and has a higher yield (since acetic anhydride is much more reactive than acetic acid). Therefore, we used acetic anhydride for shorten the period f stratification. In order for reaction to occur faster, phosphoric acid was added as a catalyst. Then the solution was being placed in the hot water bath to heat up and thus triggering the reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The reaction was shown as below: In this experiment, the salicylic acid is the limiting reactant and the acetic anhydride is in excess. The addition of distilled water into the mixture after it is being removed from the water bath is to let the water react with the remaining acetic anhydride in the mixture which are still not being reacted. A vigorous reaction will occur as the decomposition of the excess acetic anhydride is exothermic. Once the decomposition of the excess acetic anhydride has completed, more water was added, forming completing the reaction. Now the solution contains two kinds of products, which are ecstatically acid and acetic acid, according to the reaction shown below. The reason why acetic acid is dissolved in this process but not ecstatically acid was due to the hydrogen bonding of acetic acid can form with water while ecstatically acid cannot. This is due to the large carbon group maintained by ecstatically acid which caused it to have difficulties from forming hydrogen bond with water. The aspirin collected will then be purified by rationalizations. In this purification method, the crude aspirin will be dissolved in a small amount of warm ethanol. Water was then be added and the solution was cooled slowly in the ice bath and then chilled. The ecstatically acid will recitalist, and the solid impurities (unrelated salicylic acid) should remain dissolved in the solution. The solid aspirin will again be collected using vacuum filtration. Rationalizations was needed to obtain a pure product from the crude product. Therefore, this aspirin should be more pure than the original aspirin. The final product was left in air dry and weighed. The theoretical and percentage yield was calculated. The weight of ecstatically acid obtained was 1. 115 g while the percentage yield of product was 50%. Besides, the melting point of ecstatically acid we obtained was in the range of 1 38 – 140 By comparing these observed melting points with the literature value of 138 – CHIC for ecstatically acid, it was found that the values were exactly the same, indicating that both rodents were ecstatically acid( previously stated as ecstatically aci d and acetic acid). The above reaction was an example of an organic synthesis called stratification. Stratification is the acid catcalled reaction of a carboxylic (-COHO) group and an -OH group of an alcohol or phenol to form a carboxylic ester. In the synthesis of aspirin, the -OH group is the phenol OH group attached to ring of the salicylic acid. The acetic group, ;COACH comes from acetic anhydride, and the reaction is catcalled by phosphoric acid, HAPPY. Salicylic acid has a higher priority as it has a benzene ring which s more stable than the open chain of acetic anhydride because it has more resonance. Salicylic acid reacts better with acetic anhydride than acetic acid, so acetic acid will provide the acetic group which will react with the alcoholic – OH group on the salicylic acid. The hydrogen ion from the hydroxyl group in the salicylic acid breaks away first, then combines with the oxygen which has a negative charge after acetic anhydride is broken into two parts, which are an alkyl carbonyl group and -?CHOC- group. This is how acetic acid is formed. Later on, the alkyl carbonyl group of acetic anhydride which now has positive charge due to the lack Of oxygen atom, connects to the oxygen atom which has a negative charge, lastly produced ecstatically acid as a neutral compound product. The mechanism of how an ecstatically acid formed from stratification reaction will be shown: Precaution steps: 1 . When handling phosphoric acid, students should be aware of spill it out because it is corrosive. 2. When adding water to the heated solution, students should be careful and added in small amount of water because it may splatter to the surroundings due to the vigorous reaction. 3. The elution was allowed to cool at room temperature before putting it into the ice bath for the process of crystallization in order to get crystals in a nicer form and in correct manner. How to cite Esterification, Papers

conquest of Mexico and Peru Essay Example

conquest of Mexico and Peru Paper The Conquest of Mexico began with Hernan Cortez.Cortez after working his way up as a soldier and a writer in Santa Domingo and Cuba was given a rescue mission to the Yucatan to search for Grijalva who hadnt returned from his expedition.Cortez goes to Mexico and by interacting with neighboring Mayans he was lead to the island of sacrifices.This is how Cortez discovered the Aztecs.Once Cortez knew that there were riches and much more opportunities for himself he decided to conquer Mexico.Velasquez orders Cortez to return to Cuba, Cortez can not conquer Mexico without the kings permission.So in order to get around Velasquezs orders Cortez founds the city of Vera Cruz and sets up a council to assume royal power and allow the invasion of the Aztecs. Cortez, having such a advantage over the local tribes with his horses and guns, had no problem with the help of his translators to ally the local tribes, especially the Tlaxcalas, and get them to fight against the Aztecs.Montezuma, who hears o f Cortez and how he slaughtered many leaders after inviting them to a party, meets Cortez at a marketplace in Tlateloco.Cortez easily gains power and keeps Montezuma on house arrest.Meanwhile Velasquez is angry with Cortez for disobeying his orders and sends a crew to arrest him.However when they meet Cortez he convinces them to stay and collect the spoils of conquering Mexico.As Cortez was meeting with his new addition to his army, chaos ensued back in Mexico City where Alvarado was left in charge.The people did not agree with the banning of the human sacrifices and an uprising occurred.Montezuma tried to speak to the people but as he was trying to speak he was hit in the head with a rock and killed.Cortez managed to escape while losing all his treasure along with a few fingers as well.He organizes a counter attack at Tlaxcala with the help of some Spanish reinfo